Betty Neuman : Health Care Sistem : Model konseptual keperawatan komunitas

Siapa Betty Neuman?

Betty Neuman lahir di Lowell di Ohio pada tahun 1924. Ayahnya seorang petani dan ibunya seorang ibu rumah tangga. Dengan rasa cintanya pada tanah kelahirannya, beliau bermaksud untuk membangun desanya, Ohio. Beliau pertama kali memperoleh pendidikan di People Hospital School of Nursing yang sekarang berubah nama menjadi General Hospital Akron di Akron, Ohio pada tahun 1947. Kemudian beliau pindah ke Los Angeles untuk tinggal dengan keluarganya di California. Beliau memegang jabatan penting yaitu sebgai staf keperawatan rumah sakit di California. Beliau melanjutkan pendidikannya di University of California dengan jurusan psikologi. Beliau menyelesaikan gelar sarjana mudanya pada tahu 1957. Pada tahun 1966 beliau mendapat gelar Master dibidang kesehatan mental, konsultan kesehatan masyarakat di University of California, beliau melanjutkan program administrasi pendidikan tinggi di Ohio University.

Banyak sekali pengalaman yang telah beliau dapatkan diantaranya menjadi dosen keperawatan jiwa, konsultan, pemimpin konseling model Whole Person Approach serta beliau telah membuat sebuah sistem model keperawatan di UCLA dan memfokuskan sistem tersebut dalam masalah keperawatan. Model Whole Person Approach dipublikasikan pada tahun 1972, A model of teaching total person approach to patient problem dalam riset keperarawatan. Publikasi edisi I (Conceptual Models For Nursing Practice) tahun 1974, edisi II tahun 1980 dan tahun 1986 The Neuman Sistems Model.

Referensi : Sumijatun. 2005. Konsep Dasar Keperawatan Komunitas. Jakarta: EGC

Cerita Muammar Qaddafi dan Amerika Serikat

Siapa yang tidak tahu tokoh yang satu ini, tokoh kontroversial yang kini tengah menyedot perhatian dunia. Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi. Berikut sedikit cerita Qaddafi dan AS yang disusun dari berbagai sumber :

Qaddafi kecil dan tingkahnya

Terlahir di Surt, Tripolitania, 7 Juni 1942, anak termuda dari sebuah keluarga miskin Badawi (Bedouin) di daerah gurun pasir di Sirte. Ibunya seorang Yahudi yang memeluk agama Islam sejak usia 9 tahun. Kakeknya dibunuh oleh pemerintah kolonial Italia pada tahun 1911.
Dia mengenyam pendidikan SD tradisional yang religius dan pada usia remaja bersekolah di SMU Sebha di Fezzan dari 1956 hingga 1961. Nah, ditempat inilah dia memulai tingkah kontroversialnya. Qaddafi bersama sekelompok kecil teman-teman sekolahnya kemudian membentuk kepemimpinan utama dari sebuah kelompok revolusiner militan yang kelak merebut kekuasaan negara Libya. Inspirasi Qaddafi adalah Gamal Abdul Nasser, seorang negarawan populer yang menguasai Mesir melalui kudeta pada tahun 1954. Karena aktivitas politiknya, pada 1961, Qaddafi dikeluarkan dari Sebha.
Dia kemudian kuliah di Universitas Libya dan memulai mempelajari sejarah dan ilmu politik. Sebenarnya dia adalah penganut Marxisme, tetapi kemudian menolak komunisme karena ajaran Islam yang dianutnya. Di Universitas, dia menjadi terkenal karena dianggap sabagai pembawa masalah karena kutukannya kepada Israel dan Zionisme.

Qaddafi Anti Amerika Serikat

Pada 1963 Dia bergabung dengan Akademi Militer di Benghazi. Bersama beberapa rekan militannya membentuk sebuah kelompok rahasia yang bertujuan menjatuhkan monarki Libya yang pro-Barat. Setelah lulus pada 1965, dia dikirim ke Britania untuk latihan lanjutan, dan kembali pada 1966 sebagai seorang opsir dalam Korps Sinyal.

Biografi Florence Nightingale

Teringat ketika awal masuk kuliah dan harus melalui yang namanya Orientasi Study Mahasiswa Baru (OSMB) di kampus. Setiap kampus di berbagai penjuru negeri ini tentu mengadakan acara serupa untuk menyambut mahasiswa baru. Kampusku menamai kegiatan orientasi itu sebagai “MEDIK” yang merupakan kepanjangan dari “Mengenal Dunia Keperawatan.” Sungguh inovatif apa yang dilakukan para senior kepada mahasiswa baru, salah satunya adalah penugasan yang sepertinya terinspirasi dari pidato kenegaraan terakhir Bung Karno. Dalam pidatonya itu beliau mengatakan “JAngan Sekali-kali MElupakan sejaRAH” (Jasmerah). Melalui penugasan tersebut, mahasiswa baru harus mencari biografi tokoh keperawatan barat dan tokoh keperawatan islam. Salah satu tokoh keperawatan barat adalah sosok The Lady With The Lamp. Siapa beliau ini? Ya. Florence Nightingale (12 Mei 1820-13 Agustus 1910) adalah pelopor perawat modern, penulis dan ahli statistik.

Florence Nightingale lahir di Firenze, Italia pada 12 Mei 1820. Nama depannya, Florence merujuk kepada kota kelahirannya, Firenze dalam bahasa Italia atau Florence dalam bahasa Inggris. Semasa kecilnya ia tinggal di Lea Hurst, sebuah rumah besar dan mewah milik ayahnya, William Nightingale yang merupakan seorang tuan tanah kaya di Derbyshire, London, Inggris. Sementara ibunya adalah keturunan ningrat dan keluarga Nightingale adalah keluarga terpandang. Florence Nightingale memiliki seorang saudara perempuan bernama Parthenope.
Sebagai keluarga yang berasal dari kalangan mapan, keinginan Florence untuk berkarier sebagai perawat mendapat tantangan keras. Ibu dan kakaknya sangat keberatan dengan jalur yang hendak ditempuh Florence. Sedangkan ayahnya, meski mendukung kegiatan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan putrinya ini, juga tidak ingin Florence menjadi perawat.

Tanggal lahir

Saya lahir tanggal 17 November 1990. Bagi anda yang memiliki tanggal lahir sama dengan saya, berikut sedikit daftar tokoh-tokoh dunia yang tanggal lahirnya 17 november. Bagaimana pun kondisi kita saat ini, semoga kita tidak merasa kecewa dilahirkan kedunia ini. Karena terbukti banyak tokoh-tokoh sukses dunia yang dilahirkan pada tanggal yang sama dengan kita.
Semoga salah satu dari tokoh tersebut akan dapat menginspirasi saya maupun anda.

• 9 – Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Roman emperor (d. 79)
• 1503 – Agnolo Bronzino, Italian painter (d. 1572)
• 1576 – Roque Gonzales, Paraguayan missionary (d. 1628)
• 1587 – Joost van den Vondel, Dutch poet (d. 1679)
• 1612 – Dorgon, Manchu prince (d. 1650)
• 1681 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (d. 1776)
• 1685 – Pierre Gaultier, French-Canadian trader and explorer (d. 1749)
• 1729 – Maria Antonietta of Spain, queen of Sardinia (d. 1785)
• 1749 – Nicolas Appert, French inventor (d. 1841)
• 1755 – Louis XVIII of France (d. 1824)
• 1765 – Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, French marshal (d. 1840)
• 1790 – August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician (d. 1868)
• 1793 – Charles Lock Eastlake, British painter (d. 1865)
• 1799 – Titian Peale, American artist (d. 1885)
• 1816 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876)
• 1827 – Petko Slavejkov, Bulgarian writer (d. 1895)
• 1835 – Andrew L. Harris, governor of Ohio (d. 1915)
• 1854 – Hubert Lyautey, French general (d. 1934)
• 1857 – Joseph Babiński, Polish-French neurologist (d. 1932)
• 1866 – Voltairine de Cleyre, American anarchist (d. 1912)
• 1868 – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist (d. 1918)
• 1877 – Frank Calder, the first NHL President (d. 1943)
• 1878 – Grace Abbott, American social worker (d. 1939)
• 1878 – Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist (d. 1968)
• 1887 – Bernard Montgomery, British World War II commander (d. 1976)
• 1894 – Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi, Austrian politician (d. 1972)
• 1895 – Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Gregorio López y Fuentes, Mexican author (d. 1966)
• 1896 – Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934)
• 1897 – Frank Fay, American actor (d. 1961)
• 1899 – Douglas Shearer, Canadian film sound engineer (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Walter Hallstein, German politician (d. 1982)
• 1901 – Lee Strasberg, Austrian director (d. 1982)
• 1902 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1904 – Isamu Noguchi, American sculptor (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Queen Astrid of the Belgians (d. 1935)
• 1905 – Mischa Auer, American actor (d. 1967)
• 1906 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese automobile pioneer (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1907 – Israel Regardie, Aleister Crowley's secretary (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Christian Fouchet, French diplomat (d. 1974)
• 1916 – Shelby Foote, American historian (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgish singer (d. 2005)
• 1921 – Albert Bertelsen, Danish painter
• 1922 – Stanley Cohen, American biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1923 – Hubertus Brandenburg, Roman Catholic Bishop of Stockholm (d. 2009)
• 1923 – Mike Garcia, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• 1923 – Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde
• 1923 – Bert Sutcliffe, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Rock Hudson, American actor (d. 1985)
• 1925 – Charles Mackerras, Australian-born conductor (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Robert Brown, American actor
• 1927 – Robert Drasnin, American musician and composer
• 1928 – Rance Howard, American actor
• 1929 – Norm Zauchin, baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1930 – Bob Mathias, American decathlete (d. 2006)
• 1933 – Orlando Peña, Cuban baseball player
• 1934 – Fenella Fielding, English actress
• 1934 – Jim Inhofe, American politician, senior senator from Oklahoma
• 1935 – Bobby Joe Conrad, American football player
• 1935 – Toni Sailer, Austrian skier (d. 2009)
• 1936 – Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (d. 2005)
• 1937 – Peter Cook, British comedian (d. 1995)
• 1938 – Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian singer
• 1939 – Auberon Waugh, British author (d. 2001)
• 1940 – Luke Kelly, Irish folk music singer and banjo player (d. 1984)
• 1942 – Kang Kek Iew, Cambodian politician and criminal
• 1942 – Martin Scorsese, American film director
• 1943 – Lauren Hutton, American actress
• 1944 – Jim Boeheim, Hall of Fame basketball coach
• 1944 – Gene Clark, American singer and songwriter (The Byrds) (d. 1991)
• 1944 – Danny DeVito, American actor
• 1944 – Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect
• 1944 – Lorne Michaels, Canadian producer
• 1944 – Tom Seaver, Baseball player
• 1945 – Elvin Hayes, American basketball player
• 1945 – Roland Joffé, Anglo-French film director
• 1946 – Martin Barre, English rock musician (Jethro Tull)
• 1946 – Terry E. Branstad, Governor of Iowa
• 1947 – Steven E. de Souza, American scriptwriter
• 1947 – Inky Mark, Canadian politician
• 1948 – Howard Dean, American politician
• 1948 – East Bay Ray, American musician
• 1949 – John Boehner, American politician
• 1949 – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime Minister of Vietnam
• 1950 – Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish race car driver and race team owner
• 1951 – Butch Davis, American football coach
• 1951 – Dean Paul Martin, American singer and actor (d. 1987)
• 1951 – Stephen Root, American actor
• 1952 – Ties Kruize, Dutch field hockey player
• 1953 – Babis Tennes, Greek football manager
• 1954 – Mark Brandon Read, Australian criminal
• 1955 – Yolanda King, daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr. (d. 2007)
• 1955 – Dennis Maruk, Canadian hockey player
• 1956 – Graham Jones, British author and psychologist
• 1957 – Debbie Thrower, news reader
• 1958 – Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, American actress
• 1959 – Terry Fenwick, English footballer
• 1960 – Michael Hertwig, German footballer
• 1960 – Jonathan Ross, British TV presenter
• 1960 – RuPaul, American drag entertainer
• 1960 – Mandy Yachad, former South African cricketer
• 1961 – Robert Stethem, U.S. Navy Seabee diver murdered by terrorists on TWA Flight 847 (d. 1985)
• 1961 – Pat Toomey, American politician, junior senator of Pennsylvania
• 1962 – Dédé Fortin, Canadian singer (Les Colocs) (d. 2000)
• 1963 – Randy Black, Canadian drummer (Annihilator)
• 1964 – Ralph Garman, American actor and radio personality
• 1964 – Susan Rice, United States Ambassador to the United Nations
• 1964 – Mitch Williams, Baseball player
• 1965 – Amanda Brown, Australian musician (The Go-Betweens) and composer
• 1966 – Jeff Buckley, American musician (d. 1997)
• 1966 – Kate Ceberano, Australian singer
• 1966 – Richard Fortus, American guitarist (Guns N' Roses)
• 1966 – Daisy Fuentes, Cuban model and actress
• 1966 – Sophie Marceau, French actress
• 1968 – Amber Michaels, German pornographic actress
• 1968 – Sean Miller, American basketball coach
• 1969 – Ryotaro Okiayu, Japanese voice actor
• 1969 – Rebecca Walker, American feminist writer
• 1969 – Jean-Michel Saive, Belgian table tennis player
• 1970 – Paul Allender, British guitarist (Cradle of Filth)
• 1972 – Kimya Dawson, American singer
• 1972 – Joanne Goode, English badminton player
• 1972 – Leonard Roberts, American actor
• 1973 – Andreas "Vintersorg" Hedlund, Swedish singer (Vintersorg)
• 1973 – Eli Marrero, American baseball player
• 1973 – Bernd Schneider, German footballer
• 1973 – Alexei Urmanov, Russian figure skater
• 1974 – Leslie Bibb, American actress
• 1974 – Berto Romero, Spanish humorist
• 1975 – Roland de Marigny, South African-born Italian rugby player
• 1975 – Jerome James, American basketball player
• 1975 – Lord Infamous, Rapper
• 1976 – Brandon Call, American actor
• 1976 – Diane Neal, American actress
• 1977 – Ryk Neethling, South African swimmer
• 1977 – Paul Shepherd, English footballer
• 1978 – Glen Air, Former Rugby League player for London Broncos
• 1978 – Zoë Bell, New Zealand actress-stuntwoman
• 1978 – Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress
• 1978 – Reggie Wayne, American football player
• 1979 – Matthew Spring, English footballer
• 1980 – Brad Bradley, American professional wrestler
• 1980 – Isaac Hanson, American musician (Hanson)
• 1980 – Mercedes Martinez, American professional wrestler
• 1981 – Sarah Harding, English singer (Girls Aloud)
• 1982 – Katie Feenstra, American basketball player
• 1982 – Lucy Durack, Australian Singer/Performer
• 1982 – Otacílio Neto, Brazilian footballer
• 1982 – Yusuf Pathan, Indian cricketer
• 1982 – Hollie Smith, New Zealand singer
• 1983 – Yiannis Bourousis, Greek basketball player
• 1983 – Ryan Braun, American baseball player
• 1983 – Trevor Crowe, American baseball player
• 1983 – Harry Lloyd, English actor
• 1983 – Nick Markakis, American baseball player
• 1983 – Scott Moore, American baseball player
• 1983 – Christopher Paolini, American novelist
• 1983 – Ryan Bradley, American figure skater
• 1984 – Amanda Evora, American figure skater
• 1984 – Park Han-byul, South Korean actress
• 1986 – Nani, Portuguese football player
• 1986 – Fabio Concas, Italian footballer
• 1987 – Gemma Spofforth, British swimmer
• 1990 – Shanica Knowles, American actress
• 1992 – Darian Weiss, American actor
• 1994 – Raquel Castro, American actress

sumber : wikipedia